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NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY AND LOSSES OF INDUSTRIAL FARMS AND MIXED SMALLHOLDINGS: LESSONS FROM THE NORTH

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 1,

Abstract:

• Degree of integration of crop and livestock was insufficient on mixed smallholdings.

• Liquid manure discharges on industrial farms hamper the closing of nutrient loops.

• Coupling with local crop farms is encouraged to achieve integration of crop-livestock systems.

 

The proportion of industrial livestock in China has increased over the past 30 years, which increases animal performance but causes the decoupling of crop and livestock production. Here, we aimed to quantify nutrient flows, nutrient use efficiency, and nutrient losses in different livestock systems in the North China Plain based on the NUFER-farm model. Activity data were collected by face-to-face surveys on pig and dairy (41 livestock farms) during 2016–2018. The two systems included industrial farms and mixed smallholdings. In mixed smallholdings, 4.0% and 9.6% of pig and dairy feed dry matter (DM) were derived from household farmland, but 4.8% and 9.3% of manure DM recycled to household farmland. Nutrient use efficiency in industrial farms was higher than in mixed smallholdings at animal level, herd level, and system level. To produce 1 kg N and P in animal products, nutrient losses in industrial pig farms (2.0 kg N and 1.3 kg P) were lower than in mixed pig smallholdings, nutrient losses in industrial dairy farms (2.7 kg N and 2.2 kg P) were slightly higher than in mixed dairy smallholdings. Liquid manure discharge in industrial farms was the main losses pathway in contrast to mixed smallholdings. This study suggests that feed localization can reduce nutrient surpluses at the district level. It is necessary to improve manure management and increase the degree of integrated crop-livestock in smallholdings. In industrial farms, it is desirable to increase the liquid manure recycling ratio through cooperating livestock and crop production at the district level.

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Catalytic reduction of water pollutants: knowledge gaps, lessons learned, and new opportunities

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 2, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1626-z

Abstract:

● Advances, challenges, and opportunities for catalytic water pollutant reduction.

Keywords： Molybdenum     Rhenium     Rhodium     Ruthenium     Catalyst Support     Bromate    

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Management and operation of extra-large Fangcang hospitals: experience and lessons from containing the

Frontiers of Medicine 2023, Volume 17, Issue 1,   Pages 165-171 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0961-y

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Transition to a low-carbon city: lessons learned from Suzhou in China

Wenling LIU, Can WANG, Xi XIE, Arthur P. J. MOL, Jining CHEN

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 3,   Pages 373-386 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0338-y

Abstract: Climate change has become one of the most serious challenges facing humanity; developing a low-carbon economy provides new opportunities for addressing this issue. Building a low-carbon city has been pursued by people with a high degree of enthusiasm in China. Different from actions at the national level and distinct from practices of developed countries, low-carbon development in Chinese cities should be placed on diverse concerns. Taking Suzhou of Jiangsu Province of China as a case city, this paper adopts a scenario analysis approach to explore strategic focal points in the transition to a low-carbon city. Within this transition, we mainly focus on the different contributions from two factors–economic restructuring and technological upgrading. Scenario analysis results show that 1) in the case of no breakthrough technologies, it is difficult to achieve absolute emission reductions; 2) technologies involved in optimizing energy structure and improving energy efficiency of basic service sectors should be highly emphasized in local planning; 3) in comparison with technological upgrading, economic structural adjustment could be a stronger contributor to mitigation, which is one of the main differences from developed countries. However, the key issue of economic restructuring is to promote the growth of emerging low-carbon industries, which requires not only a strategic choice of new industries but also an introduction of advanced low-carbon technologies. It is also found that establishing a local carbon emissions accounting system is a prerequisite and the first priority for realizing a low-carbon transition and government capacity buildings should be strengthened accordingly.

Keywords： low-carbon city     economic restructuring     technology upgrading    

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Digital Water Developments and Lessons Learned from Automation in the Car and Aircraft Industries Review

Dragan Savić

Engineering 2022, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 35-41 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.05.013

Abstract:

The provision of water and sanitation services is a key challenge worldwide. The size, complexity, and critical nature of the water and wastewater infrastructure providing such services make the planning and management of these systems extremely difficult. Following the digital revolution in many areas of our lives, the water sector has begun to benefit from digital transformation. Effective utilization of remotely sensed weather and soil moisture data for more efficient irrigation (i.e., for food production), better detection of anomalies and faults in pipe networks using artificial intelligence, the use of nature-inspired optimization to improve the management and planning of systems, and greater use of digital twins and robotics all exhibit great potential to change and improve the ways in which complex water systems are managed. However, there are additional risks associated with these developments, including—but not limited to—cybersecurity, incorrect use, and overconfidence in the capability and accuracy of digital solutions and automation. This paper identifies key advances in digital technology that have found application in the water sector, and applies forensic engineering principles to failures that have been experienced in industries further ahead with automation and digital transformation. By identifying what went wrong with new digital technologies that might have contributed to high-profile accidents in the car and aircraft industries (e.g., Tesla self-driving cars and the Boeing 737 Max), it is possible to identify similar risks in the water sector, learn from them, and prevent future failures. The key findings show that: ① Automation will require “humans in the loop”; ② human operators must be fully aware of the technology and trained to use it; ③ fallback manual intervention should be available in case of technology malfunctioning; ④ while redundant sensors may be costly, they reduce the risks due to erroneous sensor readings; ⑤ cybersecurity risks must be considered; and ⑥ ethics issues have to be considered, given the increasing automation and interconnectedness of water systems. These findings also point to major research areas related to digital transformation in the water sector.

Keywords： Digitalization     Automation     Water Sector     Potential Risks     Lessons    

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COVID-19 containment: China provides important lessons for global response

Shuxian Zhang, Zezhou Wang, Ruijie Chang, Huwen Wang, Chen Xu, Xiaoyue Yu, Lhakpa Tsamlag, Yinqiao Dong, Hui Wang, Yong Cai

Frontiers of Medicine 2020, Volume 14, Issue 2,   Pages 215-219 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0766-9

Abstract: public health response, clinical management, and research development in China, which may provide vital lessons

Keywords： coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)     control measure     public health response    

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Remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with organic chemicals using stabilized nanoparticles: Lessons

Zhengqing Cai, Xiao Zhao, Jun Duan, Dongye Zhao, Zhi Dang, Zhang Lin

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 5, doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1263-8

Abstract: Abstract ▪ Overviewed evolution and environmental applications of stabilized nanoparticles. ▪ Reviewed theories on particle stabilization for enhanced reactivity/deliverability. ▪ Examined various in situ remediation technologies based on stabilized nanoparticles. ▪ Summarized knowledge on transport of stabilized nanoparticles in porous media. ▪ Identified key knowledge gaps and future research needs on stabilized nanoparticles. Due to improved soil deliverability and high reactivity, stabilized nanoparticles have been studied for nearly two decades for in situ remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with organic pollutants. While large amounts of bench- and field-scale experimental data have demonstrated the potential of the innovative technology, extensive research results have also unveiled various merits and constraints associated different soil characteristics, types of nanoparticles and particle stabilization techniques. Overall, this work aims to critically overview the fundamental principles on particle stabilization, and the evolution and some recent developments of stabilized nanoparticles for degradation of organic contaminants in soil and groundwater. The specific objectives are to: 1) overview fundamental mechanisms in nanoparticle stabilization; 2) summarize key applications of stabilized nanoparticles for in situ remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated by legacy and emerging organic chemicals; 3) update the latest knowledge on the transport and fate of stabilized nanoparticles; 4) examine the merits and constraints of stabilized nanoparticles in environmental remediation applications; and 5) identify the knowledge gaps and future research needs pertaining to stabilized nanoparticles for remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. Per instructions of this invited special issue, this review is focused on contributions from our group (one of the pioneers in the subject field), which, however, is supplemented by important relevant works by others. The knowledge gained is expected to further advance the science and technology in the environmental applications of stabilized nanoparticles.

Keywords： Stabilized nanoparticle     In-situ remediation     Organic contaminant     Soil remediation     Groundwater     Fate and transport    

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Protecting healthcare personnel from 2019-nCoV infection risks: lessons and suggestions

Zhiruo Zhang, Shelan Liu, Mi Xiang, Shijian Li, Dahai Zhao, Chaolin Huang, Saijuan Chen

Frontiers of Medicine 2020, Volume 14, Issue 2,   Pages 229-231 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0765-x

Abstract: The experience and lessons learned should be a valuable asset for international health community to contain

Keywords： healthcare personnel     COVID-19     infectious diseases    

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NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY AND LOSSES OF INDUSTRIAL FARMS AND MIXED SMALLHOLDINGS: LESSONS FROM THE NORTH

Yifei MA, Ling ZHANG, Zhaohai BAI, Rongfeng JIANG, Yong HOU, Lin MA

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 1,   Pages 58-71 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020371

Abstract: The proportion of industrial livestock in China has increased over the past 30 years, which increases animal performance but causes the decoupling of crop and livestock production. Here, we aimed to quantify nutrient flows, nutrient use efficiency, and nutrient losses in different livestock systems in the North China Plain based on the NUFER-farm model. Activity data were collected by face-to-face surveys on pig and dairy (41 livestock farms) during 2016–2018. The two systems included industrial farms and mixed smallholdings. In mixed smallholdings, 4.0% and 9.6% of pig and dairy feed dry matter (DM) were derived from household farmland, but 4.8% and 9.3% of manure DM recycled to household farmland. Nutrient use efficiency in industrial farms was higher than in mixed smallholdings at animal level, herd level, and system level. To produce 1 kg N and P in animal products, nutrient losses in industrial pig farms (2.0 kg N and 1.3 kg P) were lower than in mixed pig smallholdings, nutrient losses in industrial dairy farms (2.7 kg N and 2.2 kg P) were slightly higher than in mixed dairy smallholdings. Liquid manure discharge in industrial farms was the main losses pathway in contrast to mixed smallholdings. This study suggests that feed localization can reduce nutrient surpluses at the district level. It is necessary to improve manure management and increase the degree of integrated crop-livestock in smallholdings. In industrial farms, it is desirable to increase the liquid manure recycling ratio through cooperating livestock and crop production at the district level.

Keywords： industrial farms     mixed smallholdings     pig     dairy     nutrient management    

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Trends of foodborne diseases in China: lessons from laboratory-based surveillance since 2011

Jikai Liu, Li Bai, Weiwei Li, Haihong Han, Ping Fu, Xiaochen Ma, Zhenwang Bi, Xiaorong Yang, Xiuli Zhang, Shiqi Zhen, Xiaoling Deng, Xiumei Liu, Yunchang Guo

Frontiers of Medicine 2018, Volume 12, Issue 1,   Pages 48-57 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0608-6

Abstract:

Foodborne disease is one of the most important public health issues worldwide. China faces various and unprecedented challenges in all aspects of the food chain. Data from laboratory-based foodborne disease surveillance systems from 2013 to 2016, as well as different regions and ages, can be found along with differences in the patterns of pathogens detected with diverse characteristics. has been the leading cause of infectious diarrhea in China, especially among adults in coastal regions. has been a serious and widely distributed pathogen responsible for substantial socioeconomic burden. was mostly identified in Northwest China and the inland province (Henan) with less-developed regions among children under 5 years. Data from foodborne disease outbreak reporting system from 2011 to 2016 showed that poisonous animals and plant factors responsible for most deaths were poisonous mushrooms (54.7%) in remote districts in southwest regions. The biological hazard that caused most cases reported (42.3%) was attributed to the leading cause of foodborne outbreaks. In this review, we summarize the recent monitoring approach to foodborne diseases in China and compare the results with those in developed countries.

Keywords： foodborne diseases     surveillance     TraNet     China    

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Linking key intervention timings to rapid declining effective reproduction number to quantify lessons

Zhihang Peng, Wenyu Song, Zhongxing Ding, Quanquan Guan, Xu Yang, Qiaoqiao Xu, Xu Wang, Yankai Xia

Frontiers of Medicine 2020, Volume 14, Issue 5,   Pages 623-629 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0788-3

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently under a global pandemic trend. The efficiency of containment measures and epidemic tendency of typical countries should be assessed. In this study, the efficiency of prevention and control measures in China, Italy, Iran, South Korea, and Japan was assessed, and the COVID-19 epidemic tendency among these countries was compared. Results showed that the effective reproduction number( ) in Wuhan, China increased almost exponentially, reaching a maximum of 3.98 before a lockdown and rapidly decreased to below 1 due to containment and mitigation strategies of the Chinese government. The in Italy declined at a slower pace than that in China after the implementation of prevention and control measures. The in Iran showed a certain decline after the establishment of a national epidemic control command, and an evident stationary phase occurred because the best window period for the prevention and control of the epidemic was missed. The epidemic in Japan and South Korea reoccurred several times with the fluctuating greatly. The epidemic has hardly rebounded in China due to the implementation of prevention and control strategies and the effective enforcement of policies. Other countries suffering from the epidemic could learn from the Chinese experience in containing COVID-19.

Keywords： COVID-19     epidemic control comparison     Chinese experience    

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INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS: LESSONS FROM NEW YORK, BRITISH COLUMBIA, AND THE SOUTH-EASTERN UNITED

Alan FRANZLUEBBERS, Derek HUNT, Gary TELFORD, Shabtai BITTMAN, Quirine KETTERINGS

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 1,   Pages 81-96 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020365

Abstract: Livestock production in the United States (US) and Canada is diverse, but shows a common trend in most livestock sectors toward fewer farms producing the majority of animal products despite a large number of farms still small in production scale. The migration to larger and more concentrated animal feeding operations in beef finishing and poultry, swine, and dairy production allows processors to streamline supplies to meet market demand for abundant, low-cost livestock products, whether that be for packaged meat, dairy products, or eggs. With concentration of livestock operations comes the challenge of managing manures. When sufficient land is available and nutrients are needed, livestock manure is an excellent nutrient source and land application is the preferred method of recycling this resource. However, when livestock production is constrained in a geographical area and animal densities are high, manure may become an environmental liability with potentially greater risk for runoff and leaching of nutrients, emission of odors, ammonia, and greenhouse gases, and release to the environment of pathogens and chemicals of emerging concern. Addressing these challenges now and into the future requires learning from mistakes and adopting successful approaches. We describe different levels of integration between livestock and crop producers in New York, British Columbia, and the south-eastern US as learning opportunities to improve economic and environmental sustainability. Examples show that effective solutions should recognize (1) manure has value and is not just a cost, (2) farmers, farm advisors, extension educators, nutrient management planners, crop advisors, nutritionists, state agency personnel, regulators, and university researchers need to be active participants in development of solutions, and (3) change to a sustainable future requires a combination of government regulation and outcome-based incentives.

Keywords： cropland     dairy manure     nutrient cycling     pastureland     poultry manure     swine manure    

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Lessons learned from developing and implementing refinery production scheduling technologies

Marcel JOLY, Mario Y. MIYAKE

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2017, Volume 4, Issue 3,   Pages 325-337 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017033

Abstract: In this report, we discuss the key lessons learned from one of the pioneering, yet daring, enterprise-wide

Keywords： automation     decision making     oil refinery     optimization     production scheduling    

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Lessons from market reform for renewable integration in the European Union

Furong LI

Frontiers in Energy 2018, Volume 12, Issue 4,   Pages 623-629 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0575-x

Abstract:

The European Union (EU) has the most advanced, mature, and liberal energy markets that gave rise to the most dramatic drop in wholesale energy prices, whose fallen, however, has not been translated into a reduction in retail energy prices. Instead, energy prices in Europe rose above inflation year-in-year-out, and are considerably higher compared with major economic partners. This paper highlights the key limitations in the EU market designs and network access toward renewable integration, and the wide range of reforms that the EU is currently undertaken across the Member States to achieve two goals: to make the market fit for renewable, and to set a practical example of how a competitive economy can be built on a sustainable and affordable energy system. This paper concludes with key recommendations to developing nations, particularly in addressing heavy renewable curtailment.

Keywords： wholesale energy market     retail energy market     market for renewables    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY AND LOSSES OF INDUSTRIAL FARMS AND MIXED SMALLHOLDINGS: LESSONS FROM THE NORTH

Journal Article

Catalytic reduction of water pollutants: knowledge gaps, lessons learned, and new opportunities

Journal Article

Management and operation of extra-large Fangcang hospitals: experience and lessons from containing the

Journal Article

INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS: LESSONS FROM NEW YORK, BRITISH COLUMBIA, AND THE SOUTH-EASTERN UNITED

Journal Article

Transition to a low-carbon city: lessons learned from Suzhou in China

Wenling LIU, Can WANG, Xi XIE, Arthur P. J. MOL, Jining CHEN

Journal Article

Digital Water Developments and Lessons Learned from Automation in the Car and Aircraft Industries

Dragan Savić

Journal Article

COVID-19 containment: China provides important lessons for global response

Shuxian Zhang, Zezhou Wang, Ruijie Chang, Huwen Wang, Chen Xu, Xiaoyue Yu, Lhakpa Tsamlag, Yinqiao Dong, Hui Wang, Yong Cai

Journal Article

Remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with organic chemicals using stabilized nanoparticles: Lessons

Zhengqing Cai, Xiao Zhao, Jun Duan, Dongye Zhao, Zhi Dang, Zhang Lin

Journal Article

Protecting healthcare personnel from 2019-nCoV infection risks: lessons and suggestions

Zhiruo Zhang, Shelan Liu, Mi Xiang, Shijian Li, Dahai Zhao, Chaolin Huang, Saijuan Chen

Journal Article

NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY AND LOSSES OF INDUSTRIAL FARMS AND MIXED SMALLHOLDINGS: LESSONS FROM THE NORTH

Yifei MA, Ling ZHANG, Zhaohai BAI, Rongfeng JIANG, Yong HOU, Lin MA

Journal Article

Trends of foodborne diseases in China: lessons from laboratory-based surveillance since 2011

Jikai Liu, Li Bai, Weiwei Li, Haihong Han, Ping Fu, Xiaochen Ma, Zhenwang Bi, Xiaorong Yang, Xiuli Zhang, Shiqi Zhen, Xiaoling Deng, Xiumei Liu, Yunchang Guo

Journal Article

Linking key intervention timings to rapid declining effective reproduction number to quantify lessons

Zhihang Peng, Wenyu Song, Zhongxing Ding, Quanquan Guan, Xu Yang, Qiaoqiao Xu, Xu Wang, Yankai Xia

Journal Article

INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS: LESSONS FROM NEW YORK, BRITISH COLUMBIA, AND THE SOUTH-EASTERN UNITED

Alan FRANZLUEBBERS, Derek HUNT, Gary TELFORD, Shabtai BITTMAN, Quirine KETTERINGS

Journal Article

Lessons learned from developing and implementing refinery production scheduling technologies

Marcel JOLY, Mario Y. MIYAKE

Journal Article

Lessons from market reform for renewable integration in the European Union

Furong LI

Journal Article